09.09.2009 13:30

Orientation | Interaction | Media | Design | Human & technology | Media & society | Media & economy | Media environments | Networks and systems | Essay instructions | Assignment instructions |
Networks and systems
Introduction to Interactive Media Design

SIGGRAPH Video competition instructions in English.
The haptic lab visit will be organized and hosted by Fredrik Winqvist.
Book return and reloaning session at the library 16.09 at 10.
Network theories

Networks

• Network  = core metaphor of the Internet
• Network = core architecture of ICT
• Bridges human and technologcal networks
How ideas, data, software, viruses etc. spread =>Distributions
• How people behave and organize themselves
=> Design of virtual communities
In CCM technical and human networks are interconnected!

Network topologies

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/NetworkTopologies.png


Network topologies by foobaz Foobaz


A network topology is the pattern of links connecting pairs of nodes (=knot) of a network.

Line topology

Can be broken by:
• Community/Social problem
• Technical problem

Bus topology

Robustness?

Ring topology

Robustness?
Examples of human rings?

Star topology

• = hub-centered
Examples in organizations?
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

Hierarchy topology (tree)

• Army  model
Advantages? Disadvantages?

Fully connected

Examples?
Disadvantages?

Mesh & hybrid topologies

At least two nodes with two or more paths between them (WP).
Hybrids of the above

Neural network, brain

What architecture is this?

Topology of the Internet

?
Topology of the internet http://www.netdimes.org

Complex dynamical systems

Why this topic on this course?
Because two-way interactive systems generally have properties of dynamical systems.
• ... online communities behave like self-organizing systems
• How networks get organized in bottom-up direction (self-organization)
Relates to artificial life => Virtual environments

Characteristics of complex systems

Complex systems, complexity
Feedback loops
Self-regulation of behavior: non-determinist, non-linear
• Self-Organization

Self-Organization

Self-organization (of newtork topology)
= Spontaneous emergence of order and collective behaviour from...
• ...'democratic' and local interactions of the system's elements
Bottom-up: No top-down organizer => relevance to CCM
• Simple local rules
• Patterns emerge
(University of Toronto links)
Images illustrating self-organization

Self-Organization in different fields

Self-organization of bacteria
Nature: Waves, formations, behavior
Ecology : Journal article: Self-organization can collapse
Climate: Air-pressure systems
Chemistry: Self-assembly of chemicals
Neural system: Cortical maps: Tonotopy Retinotopy Somatotopy
Scheme of somatotopy
Artificial neural networks: Simulating cortex, concept-building, pattern recognition etc. Self-organizing map simulation
• Fractal algorithms, Images, Introductory article
Physics: Patterns of boiling oil, turbulences etc.
Language: Consensual meanings of words
Computer science: Cellular automata, Artificial life
Landscape (article)
Speech
Huygens' clocks
Etc.
• Tagging (article)
Self-Organization of behaviour
Biology: Evolution, ontogenesis

Artificial life

Artificial life
• Simulations of self-organization in life, such as evolution or ontogenesis, e.g. Breve (free simulation software)
Karl Sims: Evolved Virtual Creatures (1994)
Links

Rewind

Have we reached the intended outcomes:

Reflect interactive media against a number of relevant theoretical and cultural discourses, societal contexts and power relations:
• postmodern philosophies
• realism vs. constructivism
• multiple perspectives to interaction
• analysis of media power

Distinguish between different genres, technologies of interactive media, as well as associated social and community dynamics:
• sharing applications
• collaborative applications
• learning environments
• multiplayer games

Analyze recent changes in relations of production and consumption of interactive media, as well as emergent forms of creativity and innovation:
• open source, conten and ontology
• abstraction of business
• globalization
• indirect business models
• innovation sharing
• (prosumer producer + consumer in the same person (Tapscott & Williams 2006)
(everyman's vs. professional creativity: creativity: music, photography, video etc., Manovich 2000)
• (mashup culture, Manovich 2000)

• Recognize and elaborate functions of interactive media in the society, such as inclusion, participation, democracy, education, research and innovation
• participatory democracy & activism
• learning environments & distance learning
• digital divide
• (inclusion vs. exclusion)

Identify a variety of consumer application areas of interactive media, such as services, entertainment and games and associated business models:
• services
• games
• (serious gaming)

Apply a number of online applications of interactive media to personal and professional purposes:
• collaborative text editing
• collaborative spreadsheets
• blogs
• video calls
• wikis

Voluntary assignment

Perspective-relative clustering in a multi-dimensional ontospace.What do you like?
Demo of the ongoing development of multi-perspective media, based on spatial ontology (ontospace).
0. Open the collaborative data collection sheet.
1. Establish a row for yourself.
• 2. Establish columns (ontodimensions)
3. Position yourself into each new ontodimension with values between 0 and 1. 1 = extreme liking, 0 is don't like.
Repeat 2 to 3.
4. Save the data as .txt.
5. Go to the demo site.
Upload the saved file.
6. Wait the applet to download.
7. Explore different perspectives to the ontospace with sliders, each representing the degree to which you want to take that property into account in clustering the participants.