• Business models
Next week: Essay instruction & start on Monday
Visit to KTH Haptic lab not secured yet.
Return your book my office 17.09.2009 NOON at the latest.

Knowledge environments

Knowledge environments:
• Game environments
• Learning environments
• Collaborative environments

Collaraborative environments

• Collaborative virtual environments

Game Environments

• Massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG)
• E.g. World of Warcraft

• Shared virtual environment
• Avatar, first person
• Second Life

Learning environments

• Virtual learning environment
• E.g, Moodle
Often too constraining with respect to the choice of tools.
=> Mashups of multiple applications

Virtual and real

Real

No consensus on the definition! One of the eternal issues of philosophy.
• Reality
Main ways of dealing with reality:
Realism: Reality exists a priori (before and regardless of whether someone observes it).
Constructivism: Reality is constructed, nothing that exists as such.
=> In Knowledge environments, the community constructs knowledge

Virtual

Etymology: Virtual, "not physically existing but made to appear by software"
• Virtual '07 conference

Brain as virtual simulator

=> Brain is a virtual "reality simulator" : Imagining, dreaming, planning
=> Philosophically dangerous to rely on "reality"

Mixed immersive environments

• virtual + physical presence
• Virtual environments (rather than virtual 'reality')
• Immersion
• Virtual environments that support the illusion of getting 'submerged' in the environment with
• holistic experience of presence in virtual space
Virtual environments rely on illusory effects:
• Stereo audio
• Stereo vision
• Emotional presence
=> Enactment

CAVE

• CAVE automatic virtual environment
• Experimental Virtual Environment EVE, Helsinki
• VR Media Lab, Aalborg
Drawback: Fixed to large lab installation. Not mobile

Haptic environments

• Haptic (WP), illusion created with touchable physical forces, force feedback
• Can be combined with virtual audio and video
• Phantom haptic device (videos)
• Haptic immersion setups (images)
• Article

Networks

Why:
• Network  = core metaphor of the Internet
• Network = core architecture of ICT
• Bridges human and technologcal networks
Help understanding how ideas, data, software, viruses etc. spread =>Distributions
Help understanding how people behave and get networked => Design of virtual communities
In CCM technical and human networks are interconnected!

Network topologies

Network topologies by foobaz Foobaz http://petemoss.org

A network topology is the pattern of links connecting pairs of nodes (=knot) of a network.

Line topology

Can be broken by:
• Community/Social problem
• Technical problem

Bus topology

Robustness?

Ring topology

Robustness?
Examples of human rings?

Star topology

• = hub-centered
Examples in organizations?
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

Hierarchy topology (tree)

• Army  model
Advantages? Disadvantages?

Fully connected

Examples?
Disadvantages?

Mesh & hybrid topologies

At least two nodes with two or more paths between them (WP).
• Hybrids of the above

Neural network, brain

Neural network http://petemoss.org

What architecture is this?

Topology of the Internet

Topology of the internet http://petemoss.org

Assignment

Individual or team, wiki.
Study network theories as production line (=line topology):
1. Start with your individually assigned theory, open the link, study from web sources and describe the main idea in the collaborative Mediawiki document. Help.
2. Then go to the next theory. Add links, diagrams, images, examples etc. to the previous contribution. Add new pages if necessary.
3. Continue until you have contributed to all of the theory descriptions.
Network theories:
• Six degrees of separation
• Theory of scale-free network
• Actor network theory
• Social network theory
• Graph theory
• Concept maps
• Mind maps
• Weak ties theory
• Network theory of social capital
• Adaptive structuration theory
• Activity theory
• Information society theory
• Artificial neural networks